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Dynamic and Static Programming Language

Static and Dynamic Programming Language

According Wikipedia, there are thousands of programming languages and new ones are created every year. Below is the list of common used languages (I used most of them):

• ALGOL60 (ALGOrithmic Language, 1960) [Application]
• BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. 1964) - Philosophy emphasizes ease of use

• Assembly language - Low-level programming language
• C (1972) - low-level operations [Application, System]
• C++ (1983)
• C# (2000)
• COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language, 1959)
• Java (1995)
• JacaScript (1995)
• LISP(LISt Processing, 1958)
• 
  
• Pascal (1970)
• PERL (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language, 1987)
• PHP (Personal Home Page, 1995) - Numeric computation and scientific computing.
• 
  
• PL/I (Programming Language One, 1964)
• Prolog(1972)
• Python (1991)
• Tcl (Tool Command Language, 1988)
• Fortran (Formula Translating System, 1957)
• 
  

In a statically typed language, every variable name is bound both to a type (at compile time, by means of a data declaration) to an object. The binding to an object is optional — if a name is not bound to an object, the name is said to be null. Once a variable name has been bound to a type (that is, declared) it can be bound (via an assignment statement) only to objects of that type; it cannot ever be bound to an object of a different type. An attempt to bind the name to an object of the wrong type will raise a type exception.

In a dynamically typed language, every variable name is (unless it is null) bound only to an object. Names are bound to objects at execution time by means of assignment statements, and it is possible to bind a name to objects of different types during the execution of the program.

Regular Expression Comparison - Python, C#, Java

Regular Expression Comparison - Python, C#, Java

Evens and Delegates in C#

A nice article describes the events and delegates in http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/4773/Events-and-Delegates-Simplified. Here I give a summary of using events and delegates in C#.

A delegate is a class, it's just a function pointer.

• Every delegate has a signature, for example: Delegate int MyDelegate(string s, bool b);
• Consider the following function: private int MyFunc1(string str, bool boo) { ... }
• You can pass a function and register: var md = new MyDelegate(MyFunc1);
• Then use the registered function: md("mystring", true);

An event is a message sent by an object to signal the occurrence of an action. 

• The action could be caused by user interaction such as a button click, or it could be raised by some other program logic, such as changing a property’s value.

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Name :

Hello {{name}}

About Microsoft UI-Automation

UI Automation Client Side Provider

A provider extracts information from a specific control and hands that information to UI Automation. Providers can exist either on the server side or on the client side. In this article, we introduce a mix method, which is mainly implemented on client side but also a small piece of code is added on server side in order to provide more useful functions.

1. Define an Register Provider

public class UIAutomationClientSideProviders

{

    public static ClientSideProviderDescription[]  ClientSideProviderDescTable = 

    {

        new ClientSideProviderDescription(

            GridProvider.Create,      // Method that creates the provider object.

            "MFCGridCtrl")               // Class of window that will be served by the provider.

    };

}

ClientSettings.RegisterClientSideProviders(UIAutomationClientSideProviders.ClientSideProviderDescTable);

2. Implement the Provider

In this example, we create a provider for custom defined UI-component MFCGrifCtrl.

class GridProvider : IRawElementProviderSimple, 
                                IRawElementProviderFragment, 
                                IRawElementProviderFragmentRoot

{

    //  SendMessage communicates between client side provider and the program using MFCGridCtrl 
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll")]

  public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, uint wMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

    const int WM_USER = 0x0400;
    private IntPtr providerHwnd;

    public int SendMessage(IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
    {
        return SendMessage(providerHwnd, WM_USER, wParam, lParam);
    }

    // self-defined message code for communication with MFCGridCtrl  

    public const int GET_GRID_ROWS = 1;

    public const int GET_GRID_COLS = 2;

    public int rows = 0;

    public int cols = 0;

    public GridCellProvider[] cellArray = null;

    internal static IRawElementProviderSimple Create(IntPtr hwnd, int idChild, int idObject)

    {

        return Create(hwnd, idChild);

    }

    private static IRawElementProviderSimple Create(IntPtr hwnd, int idChild)

    {

        if (idChild != 0) return null;

        return new GridProvider(hwnd);

    }

    public GridProvider(IntPtr hwnd)

    {

        providerHwnd = hwnd;

        // get related information from MFCGrifCtrl

        rows = SendMessage((IntPtr)GET_GRID_ROWS, IntPtr.Zero);

        cols = SendMessage((IntPtr)GET_GRID_COLS, IntPtr.Zero);

        cellArray = new GridCellProvider[rows*cols];

    }

    // The followings are IRawElementProviderSimple methods (total 4)

    ProviderOptions IRawElementProviderSimple.ProviderOptions

    {

        get { return ProviderOptions.ClientSideProvider; }

    }

    IRawElementProviderSimple IRawElementProviderSimple.HostRawElementProvider

    {

       get { return null; }

    }

    object IRawElementProviderSimple.GetPropertyValue(int aid)

    {

        if (property == AutomationElementIdentifiers.HelpTextProperty)

        {

            return rows + "," + cols + " (rows,columns)";

        }

        return null;

     }

     object IRawElementProviderSimple.GetPatternProvider(int iid)

     {

         return null;

     }

     // The followings IRawElementProviderFragment methods (total 6)

     public Rect BoundingRectangle

     {

            get { return rect; }

     }

     public IRawElementProviderFragmentRoot FragmentRoot

     {

         get { return this; }

     }

     public IRawElementProviderSimple[] GetEmbeddedFragmentRoots()

     {

         return null;

     }

     public void SetFocus()

     {

         return;

     }

     public int[] GetRuntimeId()

     {

         return null;

     }

     public IRawElementProviderFragment Navigate(NavigateDirection direction)

     {

         switch (direction)

         {

              case NavigateDirection.FirstChild:

                   if (cellArray[0] == null) cellArray[0] = new GridCellProvider(this, 0, 0);

                   return (IRawElementProviderFragment)cellArray[0];

                   break;

         }

         return null;

    }

    // The followings are IRawElementProviderFragmenRoot methods (total 2)

    public IRawElementProviderFragment ElementProviderFromPoint(double x, double y)

    {

        return null;

    }

    public IRawElementProviderFragment GetFocus()

    {

        return null;

    }

}

MFCGridCtrl Grid Cell Provider

class GridCellProvider : IRawElementProviderSimple, 
                                       IRawElementProviderFragment, 
                                       IInvokeProvider
{
    private GridProvider parent;
    private int rowId;
    private int colId;

    public GridCellProvider(GridProvider parent, int row, int col)
    {
         columnId = col;
         rowId = row;
         this.parent = parent;
     }


    // IRawElementProviderSimple methods (total 4)
    ProviderOptions IRawElementProviderSimple.ProviderOptions
    {
        get { return ProviderOptions.ClientSideProvider; }
    }
    IRawElementProviderSimple IRawElementProviderSimple.HostRawElementProvider
    {
        get { return null; }
    }
    object IRawElementProviderSimple.GetPropertyValue(int aid)
    {
        var property = AutomationProperty.LookupById(aid);
        if (property == AutomationElementIdentifiers.ClassNameProperty)
        {
            return "Cell" + rowId + "." + columnId;
        }
        else if (property == AutomationElementIdentifiers.AutomationIdProperty)
        {
            return "#" + rowId + "." + columnId;
        }
        else if (property == AutomationElementIdentifiers.NameProperty)
        {
            return "...";
        }
        else if (property == AutomationElementIdentifiers.HelpTextProperty)
        {
            return  "...";
        }
        return null;
    }
    object IRawElementProviderSimple.GetPatternProvider(int iid)
    {
        if (iid == InvokePatternIdentifiers.Pattern.Id)
        {
            // Return an object that implements IInvokeProvider.
            return this;
        }
        else
        {
            return null;
        }
    }

    // IRawElementProviderFragment methods
    public Rect BoundingRectangle
    {
        get { return rect; }
    }
    public IRawElementProviderFragmentRoot FragmentRoot
    {
        get { return parent; }
    }
    public IRawElementProviderSimple[] GetEmbeddedFragmentRoots()
    {
        return null;
    }
    public void SetFocus()
    {
        return;
    }
    public int[] GetRuntimeId()
    {
     return new int[] { AutomationInteropProvider.AppendRuntimeId, (rowId << 16) + columnId };
    }
    public IRawElementProviderFragment Navigate(NavigateDirection direction)
    {
        switch (direction)
        {
            case NavigateDirection.Parent:
                return parent;
            case NavigateDirection.NextSibling:
           if (rowId + 1 < parent.rows || rowId + 1 == parent.rows && columnId + 1 < parent.cols)
                {
                    int next = rowId * parent.cols + columnId + 1;
                    if (parent.cellArray[next] == null)
                        parent.cellArray[next] = new GridCellProvider(parent, next / parent.cols, next % parent.cols);
                    return parent.cellArray[next];
                }
                break;
            case NavigateDirection.PreviousSibling:
                break;
            }
            return null;
        }

        public void Invoke()
        {
             ....
        }
    }

}

3. Modify the Class in Source Code

GridCtrl.h

private: std::string cellText;                  // SLX@Dec03'12 (1 of 2)

       afx_msg LRESULT OnUserMsg(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);             // SLX@Dec03'14 (2 of 2)

GridCtrl.cpp

#include "GridCellCheck.h"                         // SLX@Dec04'12      (1 of 3)

ON_MESSAGE(WM_USER,OnUserMsg)                      // SLX@Dec03'14 (2 of 3)

// SLX@Dec03'14 (3 of 3) - begin

LRESULT CGridCtrl::OnUserMsg(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

       if (wParam==0)

       {

              if (lParamreturn (int)cellText[lParam];

                     return 0;

       }

       if (wParam==1) return GetRowCount();

       if (wParam==2) return GetColumnCount();

       int row = (lParam>>16);

       int col = (lParam&0xffff);

       CGridCellBase * cell = GetCell(row,col);

       switch (wParam)

       {

              case 3:                    // Form the cell text and return its length

                     if (cell!=NULL) cellText = cell->GetText();

                     else cellText="";

                     return cellText.length();

              case 4:                    // Is CGridCellCheck ?

                     if (cell==NULL) return -1;

                     if (dynamic_cast(cell) !=0) return 1;

                     return 0;

              case 10:             // Cell left

              case 11:             // Cell top

                     {

                           POINT p;

                           if (!GetCellOrigin(row,col, &p)) return -1;

                             CRect rect;

                             ClientToScreen(rect);

                           if (wParam==10) return p.x+rect.left;

                           else return p.y+rect.top;

                     }

              case 12:             // Cell width

                     return GetColumnWidth(col);

              case 13:             // Cell height

                     return GetRowHeight(row);

              case 40:             // IsCheck ?

              case 41:             // Check

              case 42:             // Uncheck

                     if (cell==NULL) return -1;

                     if (dynamic_cast(cell) !=0)

                     {

                           if (wParam==40) return ((CGridCellCheck*)cell)->GetCheck();

                           if (wParam==41) return ((CGridCellCheck*)cell)->SetCheck(1);

                           if (wParam==42) return ((CGridCellCheck*)cell)->SetCheck(0);

                     }

                     return -1;

       }

    return 0;

}

// SLX@Dec03'14 (3 of 3) - end